Progressive modification of rotors in persistent atrial fibrillation by stepwise linear ablation

Jichao Zhao, PhD, Yan Yao, MD, PhD, Rui Shi, MD, PhD, Wen Huang, MD, PhD, Bruce H. Smaill, PhD, Nigel A. Lever, MBChB, FRACP From the Auckland Bioengineering Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, Clinical EP Laboratory and Arrhythmia Center, Fu Wai Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, and Beijing Union Medical College, Physiology and Medicine, Beijing, China; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, and Green Lane Cardiovascular Services, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand.